1.Compare and contrast the balance of resources in the North and the South at the war's beginning and its end.
2.State the significance of the border-states to both the Union and the Confederacy.
3.Explain the basic military strategies of each side.
4.List the various manpower and financial measures taken by the Confederate and Union governments during the course of the war.
5.Describe the origins, purposes, and provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation.
6.List the ways in which Lincoln and Davis expanded presidential powers.
7.Describe the participation of women and African-Americans in the war.
8.Discuss the social, political, and economic impact of the war on both northern and southern societies and show how the South became increasingly similar to the North.
9.Analyze the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the course of the war and on race relations.
10.Analyze why the North won the war and the South lost it.
- economy exausted because loss of manpower - cotton prices grew - share cropping became new means of agriculture - south began to industralize
Social
- Blacks integrated into white society - Blacks no longer denied right to vote - blacks count as 100% a person instead of 3/5 - anti black orginizations formed
Political
- African american voters - African american count as 100% - African american congressmen
North- South the same
- South started to industrialize - No slavery - sharecropping
2. State the significance of the border-states to both the Union and the Confederacy.
The border-states (Delaware, West Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri) held a great deal of significance for both the Union and the Confederacy. They were economically significant, providing vital resources for both their North and the South. They were also important due to their geographical location. Yet the most important factor, especially in determining the victor of the war, was loyalty.
3.Explain the basic military strategies of each side.
North:
- originally Anaconda plan was introduced as a cautious, long-term strategy/ it was discarded because people along with President Lincoln wanted quick victory (for varying reasons of course).
- After sending the first 35,000 troops out Lincoln began to take action himself. He tried to cut of European imports to the south, so they would have to create an entirely new industry; he called up more state militia, expanded the navy & setting up naval blockades, and suspended habeus corpus
- The Union sought to keep the border states... to dominate Kentucky, and eastern tennessee (which were the "avenues" to the south and west)... and also to win control of the Mississippi.
South:
- were the first to construct "earthworks", ex: trenches
- they used guerilla warfare much more than the union at first
- they sought to gain control over the border stated as well
- believed they would be backed by their cotton trading partners in europe (thought they would help with both material and man resources)
- sought to take over Tennessee and cumberland rivers to help with invasion of kentucky
- did allow african americans to participate in army
3. Explain the basic military strategies of each side.
On the Northern side, there were conflicting military strategies as to how the war should be carried out, however it was more clear on the Confederate side, to prolong the war and run the North dry of its resources. The Union had differing strategies coming from the commanding general, Winfield Scott and President Lincoln. General Scott believed in a strategy he called the Anaconda Plan. In this plan Scott intended for a gradual deterioration of the Confederacy through blockades on both land and the ocean until the Union Army was powerful enough to defeat Confederate forces once and for all. However Scott met strong criticism from President Lincoln and the Northern Public as well. Both the President and the public wanted an elusive defeat of the Confederacy. Lincoln himself cited his demand for a quick Union victory in order to make it easier to merge Southern States back into the Union. However both the North and South recognized the heavy financial burden of the war on each respective treasury and hoped for the war to not drag on too long, but they would battle for victory and all costs. Taking this into consideration, the Confederacy hoped not to just necessarily defeat the North in battle, but also deplete the North of its resources and force them to recognize southern independence as the Confederate States of America. This strategy was similar to that of which the Americans used in the War for Independence with Great Britain, in which the Americans although they for the most part defeated Great Britain in battle, but also sunk them into a massive war debt forcing them to surrender the war permanently. Considering the burdens of war, there were clearly conflicting opinions regarding military strategies on the Northern side, however these opinions were still different than the military strategies of the Southern Confederacy.
9. analyze the impact of the emancipation proclamation on the course of the war and on race relations.
a) the impact of the E.P. on the course of the war was that there were many changes during the war, most of the changes included altercations of laws, courts were responsible in the decision of whether the defendent could claim such property or not. along with decisions of the military status of to whether recruit people by choice or to just pick them out according to their previous records. b) the impact of the E.P. on the race relations was that with slavery abolished the whites and blacks still needed seperation to avoid possible (most likely) transgressions, by seperating the territory between the two race; would create a primary law that neither side can enforce the other into such action of what the other side intends for.
Question 10 - Analyze why the North won the war and why the South lost.
Some of the reasons North won the war was because it had several economic advantages.For instance , in 1860 the population up in the North was about 22 million while in the South it ranged up to approximatly 9 million people , and that gave North the advantage in starting a army and supporting war efforts. The Union believed that the best way to win the war was to rearange their troops into tight columns and go off into offensive positions.The North also , had an established government and therefore did not have to waste time trying to set up a governing system as did the South.As of the nation's industry , there were all located up North. The industrys allowed the North the ability to mass produce great amounts of supplies they needed , such as rifles, and munitions which permitted the North the ability to fight in the war. The South on the other hand lacked any major industrial facilities that could mass produce weapons. Majority of the nation's farms were also located in the North , and this provided agricultural resources for an army and its civilians. As to of Southern farms ,which primarily produced staple crops like cotton, tobacco and sugar cane, it made it difficult to have a good amount of food to feed an army, not to mention the civilian population.
5. Describe the origins, purposes, and provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation.
The Emancipation Proclamation originated because of the need to come up with a document that would appease both the northern and border states during the time of the Civil War. Its purpose was to lay down the groundwork for the eventual abolition of slavery to make the north happy, while also not abolishing it immediately so as to make the border states happy. Included in the document was the right for blacks to fight in the military as well as the groundwork that would eventually lead to the abolition of slavery.
6. List the ways in which Lincoln and Davis expanded their presidential powers.
The ways in which Lincoln expanded his presidential powers is after the Battle of Ft. Sumter, Lincoln decided to call up the state militias, expand the navy, suspend habeas corpus, order a naval blockade of the south, and approve the expenditure of funds for military purposes all without congressional sanction because Congress wasn't in session.
Davis expanded his presidential powers by creating a constitution for the south, forming government departments, hiring employees, creating a flag, devising postage stamps, forming a geographic and political balanced cabinet of moderates, establishing a postal system, deciding the status of laws passed before 1861, and initiating administrative procedures.
10. Analyze why the North won the war and the South lost it.
The north had more supplies than the south. The north had more soldiers, weapons, food, ect. The north also had most of the factories in the U.S. while the south had mostly cotton farms. This allowed the north to supply new weapons to the troops. The north also had a navy and greater forms of transportation like railroads.
#8) After the war the United States was affected socially, politically, and economically. Socially: thousands of U.S. men were killed and wounded. Many blacks were freed and became full citizens which increased racism and discrimination. Politically, however, the freeing of slaves gave the south more votes. Economically the south decreased 43% in their wealth. Because of the freed slaves, the south's way of life was being changed. The south began to compete with the north in becoming more industrialized.
#4- List the various manpower and financial measures taken by the Confederate and Union governments during the course of the war.
Confederate-
-made all white males between ages 17 and 50 subject to the draft -armed slaves as soldiers - reduced the acreage permitted for cotton and tobacco -increased the expansion of military related industries
Union-
-many factories were brought up to help make equipment -had to replace army genarals -took control of the water and stoped imports and exports being donw by the south -battle plans were changed often
-- Edited by richie_richh on Tuesday 1st of December 2009 06:55:42 PM
#5.) Describe the origins, purposes, and provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation.
-The Emancipation Proclamation's purpose was to abolish slavery slowly and subtle in a way that would not offend the southern plantation owners as much as abrupt abolition.
-The document originated out of necessity to keep both the south and the north from reverting to violence.
-Also the Emancipation Proclamation gained the Union a lot of support in the civil war because allies such as France and Britain who were morally against slavery sided with the north rather than the south. The Proclamation also brought internal military support because it allowed freed black slaves to fight in the war against slavery which was a great goal of many slaves.
Forum Question Two How did Lincoln and Davis decisions expand the executive powers given to the president? Although Davis and Lincoln were the heads of two countries that were so opposite their differences sparked a war, one fact remains the same; during America’s bloodiest war both presidents were forced to bend the executive powers in order to keep their respective country safe. Davis, unlike Lincoln, had no precedents preceding him and eked a new country out of the Southern landscape that reflected the aspirations of his people. Davis created a postal service and fought to create a new country that would be able to “think anew”, a thought process also later adopted by Lincoln. This new idea, thought by some to be tyrannical in nature, eventually grew to serve as cornerstone for Davis and Lincoln during their administrations. Lincoln took the course of the country into his own hands, he ordered a naval blockade on the South, approved the allocation of funds for military purposes, suspended the habeas corpus, and enlisted the state militias to aid him in his plan, all without getting a sanction by Congress. Much like Jackson before him, Lincoln made executive powers that were necessary during a turbulent time in the country’s history. Lincoln and Davis both vested little stock in the Cabinet system set up by presidents prior, and decided to take matters into their own hands. Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation because he believed it was the right choice, not because it was popular nation-wide; in fact, the Emancipation Proclamation was rather unpopular in many areas of the nation. Davis created an army, government, and statues that would govern and protect the land. While Lincoln’s issues were similar to those in the Jackson administration, Davis faced problems similar to George Washington. Washington, as well as Davis, was forced to create the precedents others would follow, and had no previous administrations to look back upon for advice. Although Davis forged his country during a time of war, he tried his best to make it structurally sound and safe. Due to the complexities of a country in the midst of a war, Davis made decisions he most likely would not have made under different circumstances. In conclusion, Lincoln and Davis were two men alike in mind, they shared a vision to create a new country and fought to make it materialize by any means necessary.
The Emancipation Proclamation was intended to be a tool of war against the Confederates but also changed race relationships by freeing slaves.
Though the Proclamation was seen as an abolitionist act, the motives behind it were more directed at the military front of the Civil War. The executive order allowed for free blacks to be enlisted into the ranks of Union soldiers, at their peak comprising of 10% of the Union army and boosting the Northern armies considerably. Some of those soldiers were escaped slaves who had heard of the freedom promised by the proclamation and fled, diminishing the South’s limited manpower. The order also acted to ease relations with Britain, who at the time was leaning towards favoring the Confederacy. Since Britain had abolished slavery, supporting the Confederacy would mean supporting slavery again. As can be expected, the proclamation caused even more ill-will in the South towards the North, who made it a war not just to unify the country, but also to destroy slavery. There was no room for compromise afterwards and so the war became a fight to the death.
The limited scope of the Emancipation Proclamation in freeing slaves did not dampen the spirit of abolition as blacks and some whites rejoiced at its reading. The move to allow black soldiers was the first step in equality between the races, even though blacks were paid less than whites. Some regiments almost rose in mutiny since they believed in fighting the war to restore the Union, not to free slaves. Those attitudes and fear of black competition for labor led to race riots in New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, and other major cities. The order did not, and could not, remove racism in the North or South but it did set a precedent which led to the Thirteen Amendment.
-- Edited by tony on Tuesday 1st of December 2009 10:57:12 PM
3. Explain the basic military strategies of each side.
The North's military strategy was to take over the Mississippi River, Richmond the Confederate Capital, and blockade Southern ports. Lincoln wanted a quick victory though and took matters into his own hands. Not only blockading Southern ports and taking control of the Mississippi River, Lincoln wanted to keep the border states so did everything he could to keep them and suspended habeas corpus.
The South's military was originally to bribe European countries to help them by trading cotton with them. This failed and then South started using a combination of defense and selective maneuvers but only in the earlier years. Robert E. Lee wanted to send the war up North thinking it will be in the South's advantage. The South was known for using gorilla warfare and of course attempting to take over the border states.
Both the North and the South allowed African-American men fight on their side in the war.
#2. State the significance of the border states to both the union and the confederacy.
The border states consisted of West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Missouri and Kentucky. To the confederacy the border states of the upper south could provide borders along the Ohio River. This gave them acsess to river traffic and vital reasorces. Also major railroads ran trough Maryland and Western Virginia, making the souths iron works m uch larger. Missouri opened a road to the west which helped controll mississippi river traffic. In the north the border states helped for the union to make stategic advances. Also every border state that remained loyal to the union was considered a triumph.
The Emancipation Proclamation was a document of little actual impact, because it offered freedom only to slaves "within any state or designated part of a state … in rebellion against the United States",not to slaves in areas that the Union actually controlled. But in formally tying the Union's war aims to a policy of abolishing slavery, Lincoln dramatically expanded the scope of the conflict. From black soldiers from Lincoln's political enemies in the North to outraged rebels in the South, observers understood that the war, and the future course of the nation, had undergone a fundamental change. Whether they approved or not, after, The Emancipation Proclamation, Americans no longer could deny that freedom for African Americans was now a central part of the Union war effort.
4. Man power: North - Offered bounties to attract soldiers into enlistment, began accepting immigrant soldiers which eventually made up 20% of the North's army, also began accepting black soldiers who eventually made up 10% of union forces, enforced a draft on men 18-35 while still accepting volunteers. South - Accepted volunteer soldiers, began a draft of men 17-50, began arming slaves and allowing them to fight.
Financial: North - Began using federally chartered banks, issued a national currency, agriculture was expanded, the manufacturing industry grew, Lincoln approved all expenditure of funds for military purposes with out Congress's approval, issued bonds to help fund the war, all exports were cut off to the south. South - Used bonds to finance war, used all the resources they had available (i.e. the president's office was a hotel parlor, the treasury secretary would pay for things out of his own pocket, etc.), funds were invested in iron ships and other private industries, paper currency was issued, less cotton and tobacco were produced in agricultural business, instead, more food was grown, and the Conscription Act allowed the gov. to seize private goods for its own good.
#7. List the ways in which Lincoln and Davis expanded their presidential powers.
During Lincoln's presidency he expanded the navy who attempted a naval blockade of the south, expanded state militias, and suspended habeas corpus which allowed anyone to be taken in by police for a crime that they might not had been guilty of. Davis expanded his presidential powers by forming a government and a constitution for the federation and creating their own currency for buying what they needed for war.
#9 The Emancipation Proclamation was intended to be a tool of war against the Confederates but also changed race relationships by freeing slaves.
The Emancipation Proclamation was arranged in order to act as a tool of war with the Confederacy, but resulted in transforming the racial relationships in the South because of the drastic act of freeing slaves. When President Abraham Lincoln issued the two executive orders that made up this daring act, his main intention was aimed to be a war tactic that would frighten the South. He also believed that the Emancipation Proclamation would give Confederate leaders the realization that if they remained under the United States Army’s control, such as the Border States, then slavery would no longer be prohibited. This factor was a hope of the President’s, with the idea that if the South felt slavery would be accepted if their territory was under Union control, then it would bring the country together and even eventually reunite the South and the North as one, once again. The most important long-term result of the act put through vigorously by Lincoln, was the definitive idea that it would eventually demolish the practice of slavery in the South. Even though the Emancipation Proclamation was “on paper” and distinct in the fact that no slavery shall be accepted in Southern states that broke away, the Confederacy had already started disregarding the laws of the North and did not abide by the acts set forth by the United States government any longer. Therefore the act was irreverent and not acted upon by slaveholders affiliated or located in the Confederate States.
# 7- Describe the participation of women and African- Americans in the war.
Women, in the period of the war, had minimized their economic importance. They had to find jobs and carry on farming operations when their husband went off to war. Women participated in numerous war-related activities. Northern women had become military nurses for low pay or even no pay. They attempted to improve hospital conditions. Many women cared for the wounded in their own homes and in makeshift hospitals. Some even cut their own hair and enlisted in the military.
African Americans at first, were not allowed to serve in the war. As the war went, people in the north decided to except African Americans to enlist in the war. Many offered themselves as soldiers. Some served as cooks, laborers, teamsters, and carpenters. The second class soldiers received low pay. poorer food, more menial work, and fewer benefits.
__________Kelllly , B block
